Research

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The Carl Sagan Institute conducts multidisciplinary research aimed at exploring planets and planetary systems. Our research focuses on understanding how planets form, evolve, and whether they can potentially support life. Currently, our major research thrusts are as follows:

Modeling Atmospheric Spectral Signatures

We study the light fingerprint of planets and moons, including biosignatures of known and hypothetical planets, to assess their potential habitability. Our main focus is on planets and moons orbiting stars that are bright enough for future atmosphere follow-up. Particularly, we investigate Mini- to Super-Earths, which are rocky terrestrial planets with masses ranging from 0.5 to 10 times that of Earth, orbiting within the “Habitable Zones” of their host stars. We also consider life forms that are considered “extreme” on Earth but could potentially dominate other worlds. By developing observing strategies and mission concepts, we aim to advance future searches for habitable environments on exoplanets. Our research spans a wide diversity of planets, ranging from Mini-Neptunes to Lava Worlds, as we compare their spectral fingerprints to gain insights into planetary composition and behavior. Additionally, we prepare for transit observations of planets using the James Webb Space Telescope to expand our understanding of planetary composition in our galactic neighborhood.

Exploring the Solar System Beyond Mars

Our research extends beyond Mars as we seek to understand the formation and evolution of giant planets and their moons. We conduct searches for habitable environments on and within moons such as Enceladus, Europa, and Titan. Furthermore, we examine the farthest bodies in the solar system to uncover valuable clues about the early history of our solar system.

Designing and Demonstrating Next-Generation Spacecraft Architectures

Our team explores innovative approaches to space exploration, including the design and demonstration of next-generation spacecraft architectures in orbit. We actively study and test technologies that may enable future robotic missions to other solar systems. Additionally, we investigate the potential of cube satellites (cube sats) and robotic eels for various space exploration missions.

Utilizing Geophysical Fluid Dynamics and Thermal Evolution Studies

We leverage Earth and Solar System data to study geophysical fluid dynamics and the thermal evolution of solid planets. This research helps us better understand the tectonic, glacial, and volcanic features that shape planetary surfaces. By applying this knowledge, we can model and study a wide range of possible planets and moons both within and outside our own Solar System.

In summary, the Carl Sagan Institute’s research spans a diverse range of topics, all focused on advancing our understanding of planets, their potential habitability, and the exploration of our solar system and beyond.